Pharmacology – PPEToolkit

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Pharmacology Guide

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Target Blood Pressures for Acute Care

Condition	Systolic	Diastolic	MAP	Medications to Reduce Pressure
Hypertensive Emergency	≥180 mmHg	≥120 mmHg	≥130 mmHg	Nitroglycerin, Nicardipine, Labetalol
Acute Ischemic Stroke	≤185 mmHg	≤110 mmHg	≤130 mmHg	Labetalol, Nicardipine, Clevidipine
Acute Coronary Syndrome	≤120 mmHg	≤80 mmHg	≤100 mmHg	Nitroglycerin, Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors
Acute Aortic Dissection	<120 mmHg	<80 mmHg	<90 mmHg	Beta-blockers, Sodium nitroprusside
Intracranial Hemorrhage	<140 mmHg	<90 mmHg	<110 mmHg	Labetalol, Nicardipine, Clevidipine
Pulmonary Edema	<140 mmHg	<90 mmHg	<110 mmHg	Nitroglycerin, Furosemide, Morphine
Renal Failure	<130 mmHg	<80 mmHg	<95 mmHg	ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Calcium channel blockers
Postoperative Hypertension	<160 mmHg	<100 mmHg	<120 mmHg	Beta-blockers, Labetalol, Clonidine
Pregnancy-induced Hypertension	<140 mmHg	<90 mmHg	<110 mmHg	Methyldopa, Labetalol, Nifedipine

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Anti-Arrhythmics

Beta-1 Antagonists (Beta Blockers)

Calcium Channel Blockers

Central active alpha agonist

Direct vasodilators

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitors

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Aldosterone Antagonists

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics

Pediatric Drips

Anti-Epileptics

Mixed Agonists-Antagonists Partial Agonists

Moderate/low strength opioid agonists

Opioid Antagonists

Strong Opioid Agonists

Atypical antidepressants

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepine Antagonists

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Bronchodilators and Inhaled Corticosteroids

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Common Antibiotics

Classes of Antibiotics

Here is a table that summarizes the main categories of antibiotics, their mechanisms of action, and common American brand names:

Category	Mechanism of Action	Common American Brand Names
Beta-lactams	Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)	Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Penicillin V, Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
Tetracyclines	Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit	Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline
Macrolides	Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit	Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
Aminoglycosides	Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit	Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin
Fluoroquinolones	Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV	Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin
Metronidazole	Inhibit DNA synthesis by interfering with the DNA molecule	Flagyl
Sulfonamides	Inhibit folic acid synthesis by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase	Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Co-trimoxazole), Sulfadiazine
Chloramphenicol	Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit	Chloramphenicol
Rifamycins	Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting RNA polymerase	Rifampin, Rifabutin
Oxazolidinones	Inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting initiation of translation by the ribosome	Linezolid
Glycopeptides	Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to the peptidoglycan layer	Vancomycin
Polymyxins	Inhibit cell membrane function by binding to and disrupting the lipid bilayer	Colistin, Polymyxin B

A

B

C

Chlorothalidone

D

E

Ethacrynic acid

F

H

Hydrochlorothiazide

I

Ipratropium bromide

Isosorbide dinitrate

L

M

N

O

P

Pediatric drip doses

R

S

Sacubitril/Valsartan

T

V

Z

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